In public, women cover up in dark clothing, wear less makeup, avoid contact with men, and avoid drinking alcohol. The self is irreducibly social. Eastern culture believes that one's future is determined by one's deeds today. Without any additional information, Westerners are more likely to think this behaviour reflects something essential and fixed about the big man: he is probably a nasty person. The knowledge of good must, therefore, be innate for human beings to develop the desire of following it in the first place. The popular writer Sankara Saranam, author of the bookGod WithoutReligion, is one example of this when he claims that eastern philosophy is concerned with general knowledge while western philosophy aims at specific knowledge. However, in Eastern philosophy, the self is often treated as an illusion. These diverse ways of viewing the world are embedded in the cultures literature, education, and political institutions, so it is perhaps of little surprise that those ideas have been internalised, influencing some very basic psychological processes. An example could be that individuals are free to make their own decisions on who to marry and where to marry, such as getting married in a church. Western culture in general has a foundation of Christianity; Judaism, Catholicism, Protestant, and Islam in its various forms whereas many cultures in the east have a foundation of Hinduism, Jainism, Shenism, Taoism, Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Islam. When questioned about their attitudes and behaviours, people in more individualistic, Western societies tend to value personal success over group achievement, which in turn is also associated with the need for greater self-esteem and the pursuit of personal happiness. Alex Mesoudi at the University of Exeterrecently profiled the thinking styles of British Bangladeshi families in East London. They further discuss that lasting rewards come to one who considers virtue before possessions of the world. Generally speaking - there are many exceptions - people in the West tend to be more individualist, and people from Asian countries like India, Japan or China tend to be more collectivist. Which can be a positive aspect when dealing with motivation and productivity. Wang's theory of intuition could be compared to one of the most basic of human needs: eating. Many brands promote Chinese traditional images and fashion in order to please Chinese consumers. You want a theory that explains why different populations have different psychologies., But despite the good intentions, further progress has been slow. Some see it as a place for freedom, and it can also be a source of entertainment and, Western cultures emphasize mental processing speed and efficient management of information, whilst those in the East also include social and spiritual aspects, although some research indicates the two viewpoints are converging (Lim, Plucker and Im, 2002)., Neither East Nor West is a travel narrative by Christiane Bird about her travels in Iran. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/855/similarities-between-eastern--western-philosophy/. She has published historical essays and poetry. The Western culture believes that one's future is unknown and that it is determined by God. In Western culture, the concept of the self is a central motivational universe that is more or less integrated. What would you say? The obvious explanation would be that they simply reflect the prevailing philosophies that have come to prominence in each region over time. When asked about their competence, for instance, 94% of American professors claimed they were better than average. Debunk interning in eastern cultures vs. western cultures with GoAbroad. Whereas if you are thinking holistically, you would think other things might be going on between those people: maybe the big guy is the boss or the father, explains Henrich. In China it is common for the security guard or the receptionist to talk to you about whether you have eaten breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Fearing Russian invasion, the Japanese government decided to reclaim the countrys northland, recruiting former Samurai to settle Hokkaido. Proponents Yet the small number of available studies which had examined people from other cultures would suggest that this is far from the case. The question is what the solution should be.. That is, the idea . This change is aligned with the start-up nature of many privatised businesses and therefore needs individuals to be adaptive to change and able to face uncertainty at a very high level. Even so, the subtle variation between individual countries suggests that many other surprising factors are also at work. Very basically, anatta (or anatman in Sanskrit) is the teaching that there is no permanent, eternal, unchanging, or autonomous "self" inhabiting "our" bodies or living "our" lives. It is for this reason that Hokkaido proves to be so fascinating. The empiricist argument that there is a lack of evidence for innate knowledge cannot be supported by empirical facts; a person must be aware that they should pursue something before they can pursue it. Like most East Asian countries, Japan as a whole tends to have a more collectivist and holistic mind-set. One could compare the fundamental ideas of the great Chinese philosopher Confucius (551-479 BCE) with those of theGreekphilosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE) and find they are presenting the same basic concepts. Just as a child knows when it is hungry, a person knows how to be good. And this can be divided into six branches that have various importance over time. It helps humans deal with human morality and concepts such as good and evil, right and . Western culture believes that the key to success is through material means. But it is not considered above the communities needs. While Plato is quite well known in the west, Wang Yangming is less so, even though he is as famous as Plato inChina,Korea, andJapan. 1.The self is a distinct and 1.The self is an integrated. Europeans then became "rational, virtuous, mature, [and] normal" (40), and the line between the two parts of the world was set; Europe (or the West) as the strong one and Asia (or the East) as the weak one (57). hope of enjoying life through society. In the west although there are many topics discussed in different western countries, some common discussions may be around health, weather, or travel. Inner-world dependent Though arguably many will actively participate in order to be of use as well. In this same way, Wang Yangming advocates for the supremacy of intuition in moral matters. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. To confirm the voluntary settlement theory, however, psychologists would want to examine a second, independent, case study as a counterpoint. The "Me" concept Eternal reality of the universal truth: self-liberation through getting rid of the false "Me" and discovering the true "Me" "Me" is here and now. A similarity between east vs west cultural is that they both put a focus on innovation to keep economies thriving and competitive in the global marketplace. In his dialogue ofPhaedrus, Plato poses the question, What is good, and what is not good? Step #2 of 2. As a simple example, imagine that you see a picture of someone tall intimidating someone smaller. Whereas in the west it would be unthinkable to throw people under the bus and many people would need at least a fair amount of notice in order to prepare. The differences between the concepts of Wang and Plato are only cosmetic and linguistic. Search for more papers by this author And this thinking style also extends to the way we categorise inanimate objects. Culture pervades every aspect of life. In the western sense of individualism team building is less prevalent. And yet psychologists are finding that the frontier spirit still touches the way they think, feel and reason, compared with people living in Honshu just 54km (33 miles) away. It is now seven years since Henrich published his paper outlining the Weird bias, and the response has been positive. own history, religion, political system, beliefs and culture. The Greek philosopherEpictetus(c. 50-130 CE) said the same thing when he wrote, It is not circumstances themselves that trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances. (Enchiridion, I:v) Epictetus says that one should not even feardeathbecause one does not know whether death is a good or a bad thing. I agree with the differentiation between West and East because every place has its The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. Few people living in Hokkaido today have ever needed to conquer the wilderness themselves. Philippines? Yet the rapid migration to its northern territory resembles the rush to settle Americas Wild West; the Emperor Meijis government even employed agriculturists from the US, like Horace Capron, to help cultivate the land. Members are more interested in winning or competition within the team building exercise and it comes with a sense of individual gain in general. From Eastern perspectives, however, the ego is a social fiction. Until recently, scientists had largely ignored the global diversity of thinking. If we can examine and think about things from every angle, thought process, and point of view, the better off we will be in the world. Eastern & western thinkers alike believe that human beings are essentially the same all over the world, only the details & customs differ. Do you want to watch the complete discussion for Understanding the Self. Eastern Thoughts. Hokkaido's population rapidly grew from just a few thousand to the six million people who live there today (Credit: Alamy). All that would change in the mid-19th Century. An example given by academic scholars is howConfucius analects deal with both the inner and outer life of a person (holistic) whileAristotles works emphasize how one should conduct ones self to live well among others (fragmentary). Write an essay on the following questions. Epictetus, on the other hand, says It is not circumstances themselves that trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances. These statements are basically similar but only different words used. And there is a growing evolution in Southeast Asia of Tech hubs and innovation www.collectivecampus.io. Humans are unique in their ability to adapt to their environments - allowing us to build lives from the North Pole to the Sahara Desert. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. Western and Eastern - Concept of the Self, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. Further, they argue, humans must recognize what is not good in order to reject it, and therefore do not need to be taught goodness but only be directed or educated to act on their innate knowledge of the good. There are more than a dozen different words for "I . reliance are core values. Eastern perspectives about self are inherently non-dualistic. In contrast it could be said that these days western younger generation are savvier with their savings as well. The divide did not seem to correlate with measures of wealth or modernisation, but he noticed that one difference could be the kind of staple crop grown in the region: rice in most southern areas, and wheat in the north. He describes Iraqi ideology as being post apocalyptic., Similarities between the West and the East. contemplative. Specifically, first and second year Latino student's self-perceptions of campus assimilation and involvement in campus activities were studied. Thomas Talhelm at the University of Chicago recently examined 28 different provinces of China, finding that the thinking orientation appeared to reflect the local agriculture of the region. All that must be taught is how to apply that innate knowledge appropriately, in the same way that a child is taught the appropriate way to ask for food. globalfromasia/east-west-differences/ An example given by academic scholars is how Confucius' analects deal with both the inner and outer life of a person (holistic) while Aristotle's works emphasize how one should conduct one's self to live well among others (fragmentary). Having worked in China and Asia for many years, its clear that we all value improving our lives and families lives. I. EASTERN WESTERN MAIN PRINCIPLES. In China Relationships are a very important part of doing business with other companies as well as within a specific company. Both used Parables to relate concepts. The relativist philosophies of the Chinese sophist Teng Shih (l. 6th century BCE) and the Greek sophist Protagoras (5th century BCE) are almost identical. They are more individualistic, prouder of success, more ambitious for personal growth, and less connected to the people around them. Differentiating West from East. Is there also a difference between regions or ethnolinguistic groups in the accepting of what is. It is also a science and art of the ultimate reasons and principle of things. World History Encyclopedia. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! The purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand the self-perceptions of Latino students at an institution of higher education in Eastern Pennsylvania. This sequential explanatory mixed methods study (quant + QUAL) examined elementary preservice teachers' conceptions of teaching engineering. The recognition of hunger is an innate human quality which does not need to be taught, and Wang says the same is true of morality. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_systems_by_country. Collectivism - individuals are part of a group and the needs of the group come before the individual. Whereas in the east it is less likely that the individual will voice such concerns and may be silent with personal feelings. Eastern culture believes that a human being is an integral part of the society as . This is known as the triad test, and people in the West might pick bus and train because they are both types of vehicles. For example, in the west it is common for people to accept traditional ways of thinking and to act in accordance with those value. In 2010, an influential article in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences reported that the vast majority of psychological subjects had been western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic, or Weird for short. Another good example of illustration is the writings by Wonhyo, the Korean philosopher, and Epictetus, the Greek philosopher. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. The Eastern and Western religions both have some things in common as well as some things they can vary. Whereas the individual will choose to work hard and obtain goals. Hokkaidos story is just one of a growing number of case studies exploring how our social environment moulds our minds. Whereas the west has a much more direct and outspoken international stance. That a human being is an integrated x27 ; s deeds today of American professors claimed they better! Concerns and may be silent with personal feelings & customs differ following it the! Branches that have similarities of western and eastern concept of self to prominence in each region over time eastern perspectives, however, in eastern.. Likely that the individual will choose to work hard and obtain goals want watch!, more ambitious for personal growth, and epictetus, the Greek philosopher progress has been positive Latino! 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